Background City brands are emerging as an important paradigm to secure urban competitiveness. City branding strategy is important in that it promotes the brand value of the city and ultimately presents the direction to secure competitiveness of the sustainable city. Therefore, it is necessary to look at the concept of city brand before the cities design their own city brand, and to study the direction and characteristics of the city brand development according to the era change. Methods The purpose of this study is to investigate the concept, purpose and role of city brand through literature and statistical data on city brand. In addition, we examined the development process of city brand and analyzed recent trends and case analysis. Result The characteristics of city brand design can be classified into three stages by era. The first generation is emblem type. The second generation is slogan type, and the third generation is flexible identity based on the city name. The third generation design is characterized by being used for various purposes by utilizing the experience design. Conclusion The use categories and communication methods of city brands have been changed in accordance with the trend of the times and the development of various media. In order to construct a strong and positive city brand, it is important to establish a design direction that enables users to communicate with each other through the elements provided by the city brand and to relate to the city brand through the brand experience.

keyword : 도시브랜드, 경험디자인, 가변적 아이덴티티, City brand, Experience design, Flexible identity

Background In the history of ceramics around the world, the blue-and-white porcelain can be represented as a representative symbol of color in ceramics. Chunghwa was a groundbreaking method of coloring at the time when it was developed, and has become an essential technique of ceramics coloring, and continues to this day. The purpose of this study is to quantitatively color and analyze the chunghwa colors in the ceramic tableware currently on the market to establish basic data on the colors. Methods We selected the six ceramic tableware brands whose products’ colors can be measured on the spot: Korean porcelain, Hangnam porcelain, Royal Copenhagen, Denby, Rostrand and Gien. The products were visually categorized according to the KS A 0011, and their Hue, Lightness, and chroma were compared based on the color values using the color space of CIELAB. Result The result showed that most of the products were distributed between the red direction of a* and the blue direction of b* and fell within the scope of the KS standard color range of BG, B and PB. Also, although many of the products had low lightness and chroma, some of them had a wide distribution from medium to high chroma. Conclusion Based on this study, the standard of Korean industry can also be applied to the ceramics industry as basic data of Korea, and the direction of modern color planning of chunghwa can be set by utilizing it in the color planning process of the Korean ceramic brand. Also, we expect the data provided in this study will help ceramic Tableware brands to develop a new chunghwa color.

keyword : 청화색, 코발트 안료, 생활도자기, Chunghwa, Cobalt Pigment, Ceramic Tableware

Background As cities have become uniform in the wake of industrial development in the 80s in Korea, challenges have emerged for the search for identity in each region. Recalling the importance of a hardware approach as well as a software method in urban regeneration, the government aims to take "regionalism" as an advanced case in which it sought to regain its regional identity against modernism in the 20th century. Methods This study focuses on Alvar Aalto's work on what character's local identity was expressed as a method of localism's architectural formative characteristics. Through prior research, the concept of regionalism and architectural characteristics are derived and the architectural characteristics of Alvar Aalto, which synthesizes the existing Alvar Aalto architectural environment, are extracted. It will select and analyze six Alvar Aalto public buildings that were actually constructed in Finland to refine the architectural modeling characteristics of Alvar Aalto's localism. Result Alvar Aalto's regional architecture features a fusion of tradition and the reflection of the trend of the times. Also, depending on the function of the space, the functional space was mainly represented by the structure and layout, and the cultural space was treated with indoor atmosphere and decoration, which was expressed as a cooking choice depending on the nature of the space. Conclusion Alvar Aalto is expected to become an advanced case in the hardware direction of urban regeneration in Korea, with the distinction that the local identity is imaged by expressing the shaping characteristics of regionalist architecture in a flexible manner and emulating symbolism in general characteristics.

keyword : 지역주의, 알바 알토, 지역성, 근대건축, 조형특성, Regionalism, Alvar Aalto, Locality, Modern Architecture, Formative Characteristic

Background Currently, Retro is being actively applied in the field of design as a called Neutro (New-Retro). This retro trend phenomenon seems to be related to consumers' emotions and economic and social backgrounds. Therefore, this study want to analyze the background and cycle of retro. Through this will be presented the range of time that can be reappeared by retro design in the future and be contributed to the foundation of academic research on the design cycle. Methods Based on the visual examples of retro design so far, first of all, this study analyzed the cycle of retro design and analyzed the background in which retro trends appeared. To the next, this paper conducted an emotional evaluation by the SD(Semantic Differential Method) technique to analyze the relationship between consumers' emotions and retro trends. Result In the case, the period of retro design showed that the period changed. Also, in the emotional evaluation results of the can design of each age, the experimental subjects showed similar emotions to the designs of the two age groups. In the 1970s and 1990s, the design was warm and familiar, and the designs in the 1960s and 2010s were cold and awkward. Also, when comparing the results of emotional evaluation by SD method and the actual cases, it can be seen that the era that shows similar emotion is suitable for retro design Conclusion As two different eras show similar emotions, it seems that there are 'Retro periods' which is different in period but similar emotional. However, it is too early to conclude that Retro design in all design areas will flow in the same cycle with limited specimens. Therefore, in order to analyze the same cycle of Retro, future studies will need to further investigate and analyze Retro Cycle for different ages in the larger and more extensive design areas.

keyword : 레트로 디자인, 주기, 트렌드, Retro Design, Cycle, Trend

Background As accessories are not simply used for decorative purposes, but stand out as plastic arts, various kinds of materials have been studied. Furthermore, a revolution for production skills breaks out due to the development of the IT industry. Accordingly, this research aimed to investigate how to converge 3D technology that is a high-tech industry into a traditional technique, ‘dry-lacquer Exsiccata manufacturing technique of lacquer, overcome a limit of slow processes due to handwork, and efficiently manufacture accessories in time and economic terms. This also tried to contribute to a study on unique and innovative design by adding analog features into a digital high-tech technique. Methods This paper aimed to use a 3D printer using CAD software in designing a modeling frame for dry-lacquer exsiccata accessories and varnishing it with basis material. 1) Describe characters and strong and weak points of Gunchill exsiccate and help to understand dry-lacquer exsiccate accessories. Also, suggest reasons why the 3D printer is necessary to converge two techniques. 2) Study design processes through the introduction of the 3D printer into basis material production for dry-lacquer exsiccate. 3) Analyze results of 1) and 2) researches and suggest the best work process. 4) Produce unique and practical dry-lacquer exsiccate accessories based on 1), 2), and 3) researches. Result First, in producing a model for the production of dry-lacquer exsiccate, several details that were quite particular to be made by hand (make a small and detailed acute angle) were designed in much more delicate ways through 3D software. Second, in comparison to handwork by measuring the light weight of dry-lacquer exsiccate that’s a great merit, it figured out that it was possible to make a lighter-weight accessory using a 3D printer. Third, it used to take 10 days or 2 weeks to produce a model of dry-lacquer exsiccate by hand, but it just took one or two days to make it using the 3D printer. Also, it was possible to design the same thing because a computer saved the design. Last, it was assured that the dry-lacquerl exsiccate technique and 3D printer facilitated more delicate and detailed design for aesthetic lacquered accessories in less time than handwork. Conclusion This paper has implemented a significant alternative to satisfy both of arts and products through the production of accessories designed by the convergence of a modern high-tech technique, 3D printer, into a lacquering dry-lacquer exsiccate technique that has been designed only by hand so far. Likewise, as the 3D printer is introduced into our lives as soon as possible, the dry-lacquer exsiccate accessories made by the 3D printer will be researched in more diverse and unique ways further. As a result, there is a hope that the convergence of dry-lacquer exsiccate and a 3D printer will be regarded as one of generic titles and this paper will be a big help to designers who want to make art works using the lacquer and 3D printer.

keyword : 건칠기법, 3D프린터, 장신구, dry-lacquer technique, 3D printer, jewelry

Background: : It is believed that human beings have gone from 100,000 years ago to the present. They have experienced the degeneration of primitive civilization to scientific and technological civilization, completed the first leap of human civilization, and brought humanity into a highly intelligent social division of labor. Human beings have also become their own weaving. A node in the network of meaning. The game is the ninth art of mankind and the inevitable outcome of the interactive era. Some people think that it is a flood of beasts, it is an "addictive" entertainment "drugs." However, some people think that it is the future of mankind, and it is the means for human civilization to leap from the real world to the virtual world. We look at the future of mankind from the perspective of history and the development of science and technology. We find that the future brought to us by our games is looming. Methods: This paper aims to explore the relationship between gamification and civilization, also foresight the possibility of the next step of human civilization. In order to achieve this aim, previous researches, books and websites are examined and author’s work experience of relevant industries in many years are used as well. Results: Under the social division of high-tech civilization, we actively seek for the most authentic needs of mankind. Clear goals, limited rules, real-time feedback mechanisms, and proactive participation are common thinking we get from games. In the powerful torrent of technological development, we use artificial intelligence, big data, and virtual reality technology to practice in human society. Used in educational work and entertainment life. Conclusion: Virtualization is the carrier of human beings carrying civilization. Causality is the means by which humans perceive the world. Gaming is the tool for human beings to move into the future. Although we can't predict the specific appearance of the future, we can look into the future with historical perspective and strong and strong curiosity about scientific and technological progress.

keyword : Gamification, Virtual reality, Future civilization

Background The importance of the government English websites that provides information about the city is getting bigger, however, the web designers are not aware of the website's English typography. In the meantime, there have been many researches and experiments on the Korean typography of websites in Korea, but the study of typography in the English websites has been insufficient. Methods Study the visual representation(font, color, alignment, text block width and readability) and be implemented the technical methods(HTML, text image, CSS, font embedding, Flash and Ajax) of the typography on English websites. Also, analyze the government's English websites in south Korea. The purpose of this study is to analyze how to use typography of English websites and utilize English typography in various internet environments. Result In the case of government English websites in south Korea, most similar problems were found, such as excessive use of textual images, image file capacity, and lack of alternative text. This is a result of the web designers not focusing on the internet environment of the visitors, but on the brilliant design technique. Conclusion The most important consideration in the visual representation of English typography on websites is the websites are viewed by visitors same as the intention of the designers. In the case of the English websites, the major visitors are foreigners, so it is necessary to consider their internet environment such as the use of broadband Internet, the possession of English fonts and major browsers what they use mostly.

keyword : 웹디자인, 영문 웹사이트, 영문 타이포그래피, Web Design, English Websites, English Typography

Background As we enter the era of ageing population, there is an increased interest in health. Aging is now recognized as a disease. Research on aging is on-going, and preventative measures for aging are urgently needed. The most effective way to prevent and treat aging is through muscle strengthening exercise. However, there is still a lack of proper programs or preparations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to understand and realize what conditions are needed to design furniture that will easily help one to move muscles more easily and steadily in a daily life. Methods properly understand the definition of aging. Among them, study on the muscle exercise that will most effectively prevent aging, and analyze the exercise methods and effects that are most needed. Lastly, investigate and analyze on the exercise furniture design in order to develop and propose what methods are needed. Result Based on the survey and analysis of outdoor exercise equipments, which were easily found in parks or outdoor facilities and were easily recommended for the elderly population, the equipments were divided into upper and lower body and whole body exercises. We were able to compare the muscles used for each equipment in real life. Among them, we recognized the characteristics of the equipment that were for whole body exercise. We arranged shape, effect, advantages, disadvantages, and characteristics of the exercise, and proposed the future direction of the furniture design to prevent aging. Conclusion Furniture is used everyday and is deeply in part of our space. That is why analyzing each lifestyle pattern and space, and choosing necessary furnitures is so important to development of a furniture that will strengthen muscle in daily life for each activities. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously develop exercise furniture through analysis of users’ needs and lifestyle. Furthermore, it is expected to see development in design that will suggest new ways for smart health function in exercise furniture and that will correspond to the user’s requirements.

keyword : 노쇠, 운동가구, 디자인, Frailty, exercise furniture, Design

Background Storytelling is an important strategic tool for agricultural brand design, a key factor of rural economy. Storytelling of agricultural brands is used as an important means of product differentiation through an association with the region of origin. Methods This study analyzed the influence as well as the difference between perceived quality and message involvement according to agricultural brand storytelling based on regional characteristics. The data collected through surveys among 252 respondents was analyzed by carrying out a t-test and a regression analysis. Result Results obtained from the research show that perceived quality and message involvement are important factors influencing brand attitude and purchase intention. There was a difference in message involvement according to brand storytelling techniques and gender. Conclusion This study implies that brand storytelling techniques of a low involvement product have an effect on brand attitude and purchase intention by enhancing message involvement. In addition, gender has an influence on the effect of storytelling techniques. This study provides theoretical and practical implications of psychological responses to storytelling of brand design.

keyword : 브랜드 스토리텔링, 메시지 관여도, 농식품 브랜드, Brand storytelling, Message involvement, Agricultural brand

Background Various problems are occurring in Korea, which is currently showing the fastest entry rate into a super-aging society in the entire world. In particular, health problems and social and psychological problems of the elderly are continuously worsening. At this, this study attempts to propose directionality for effective medical service living labs according to the lifestyles of the elderly in their actual daily lives. Methods This study theoretically examined present condition diagnoses of aging-friendly medical services and medical service living labs and it analyzed domestic and foreign cases. Also, it conducted in-depth interviews according to lifestyle analysis forms of the elderly and it deduced the potential needs of the elderly and conclusively, it was able to propose directionality for the construction of aging-friendly medical service living labs. Result Research results ①developed medical service living lab contents that can be directly operated and managed by the elderly ②developed smart medical services that enhance health and medical service information accessibility of the elderly ③deduced regionally customized aging-friendly medical service development through cooperation with various local institutions. Conclusion This study hopes to contribute to the search for social alternatives of domestic aging-friendly industries, the formation and maintenance of continuous social networks for the elderly, and the management of healthy and active lives for the elderly.

keyword : 고령친화, 의료서비스 리빙랩, 노인 라이프스타일 유형, Aging-Friendly, Medical Service Living Lab, Lifestyle Forms of the Elderly