Background The purpose of this research is to take a look at the relationships between the emotional labors, the job satisfaction, and the intentions to change the jobs of the beauty treatment employees and to present a plan for reducing the intentions to change jobs by analyzing the mediating effects of the job satisfaction in the relationship between the emotional labor and the intention to change the job. Methods Emotional labor as an independent variable, intention to change the job as a dependent variable, and job satisfaction as parameters. A questionnaire was conducted on 204 employees of the beauty salon. SPSS and AMOS were used for analysis. Result The route from the emotional labor to the job satisfaction had the negative (-) influence, the route from the job satisfaction to the intention to change the job was showing a negative (-) influence, and the route from the emotional labor to the intention to change the job was having a positive (+) influence. As a result of analyzing the mediating effects of the job satisfaction regarding the influences of the emotional labor to the intention to change the job, it was showing a partial mediating effect. Conclusion As a result, the improvement of the working environment is necessary. And the education for improving the self-regard of the employees at the beauty parlors is necessary. Also, the meticulous customer management and the plans for the active coping regarding the bad customers are necessary.

keyword : 감정노동, 직무만족, 이직의도, Emotional labor, job satisfaction, the intention to change the job

Background The contemporary design tends to promote individuals` affective satisfaction. It becomes more important to design, understanding each individual`s difference and subdividing users` affective characteristics. Accordingly, researching affective design according to users` types has recently been conducted much. In this regard, this research study meant to analyze users` affectivity about geometrical figures basic for design patterns, according to sexual difference. The purpose of this research study is to provide preliminary data about methodology-based customized affective design for users, and present specific and distinct directions to plan and apply affective design in multi-spheres of product and architectural design as well as visual design, according to characteristics of sex. Methods This study selected 13 kind of geometrical figures to test affective differences from sex in patterns of geometrical figures, through SD techniques. Subsequently, this considered the differences from sex in the major property, morphological attributes and affective association of geometrical figures, and then drew the results. Result It is shown that there are affective differences from sex in recognition of patterns of geometrical figures according to an analysis of the major property, morphological attributes and modeling characteristics of geometrical figures, and that humans` affectivity and psychology of pattern recognition have correlations. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, it is anticipated that directions for planning patterns of affective design would be presented and this would contribute to subdividing individuals` affective satisfaction.

keyword : 성별 차, 형태 인지, 감성평가, Sexual Difference, Pattern Recognition, Assesment on Affectivity

Background As the design becomes a core competency, each country has recognized the importance of educating and fostering talented people who will lead the design field in the future and has been committed to activate it. Along with the introduction of the 7th educational curriculum in Korea, there is continuous effort to promote design education, but there is no visible outcome. In this study, we will explore the direction of the design education with successful design education cases. Methods This study is qualitative research based on case study. The research question posed in this study is: What are the best practices of the early age design education in United Kingdom and United States as advance countries in relations to its structure and strategies. Grounded theory approach was used to make sense of the collection and analysis of the data. Data collection of document analysis was used primarily. Result The UK and United States have the following common points in design education. First of all, early education is based on national support. Second, it encourages students to realize that design is not independent field of their own and induce them to think creatively in a variety of fields. Finally, it guarantees the diversity of education through the use of design museums and its connections. Conclusion Domestic design education needs to clarity the boundaries of fine art and design. It also requires efforts to explore a comprehensive approach to design education for various field and to explore a variety of training methods.

keyword : 조기 디자인 교육, 디자인적 사고, Early Design Education, Design thinking

Background Recently, China has seen a sharp increase in online shopping with the growing presence of the internet. Moreover, consumers make their decisions based not only on either online or offline shopping, but rather on the combination of both. This study aimed to find the relationships among shopping orientation, browsing, and purchasing behavior in both online and offline markets. Methods The survey was conducted among 376 male and female consumers from late 10s to late 30s who lived in Dalian, China. The data was analyzed by factor analysis and path analysis using AMOS of SPSS18.0. Result As a result of analyzing the clothing shopping orientation of Chinese consumers, four factors were extracted: hedonic, convenient, economical and efficient shopping orientation. Three factors of shopping orientation had significant influences on online and offline browsing and hedonic shopping orientation was the most influential factor. Both online and offline browsing had significant influences on impulse buying and the ratio of expenditure on clothing in online vs. offline markets. Conclusion There were causal relationships among shopping orientation, online and offline browsing, impulse buying, and the ratio of online vs. offline expenditure on clothing. It was identified that online and offline browsing were the important variables in purchasing behavior.

keyword : 쇼핑성향, 온·오프라인 브라우징. 구매행동, Shopping Orientation, Qnline/Offline Browsing, Buying Behavior

Background Recently, the need for universal design for the elderly has been emphasized as the aging society has entered the world, and Korea is also entering an aging society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of universal design of milk and juice package. Methods A sample of domestic milk and juice package designs were surveyed based on the 7 principles of universal design for elderly people aged 60 ~ 75 years, and the correlation of significance was proved by cross - analysis and correlation analysis through hypothesis. Result A survey of universal design applications of domestic milk and juice package design showed that space and equity were high, but information was low and needed improvement. In order to improve this information, it is necessary to design a picture-centered design. Conclusion Domestic milk and juice package designs are mostly carton packs in paper form, making it difficult for children and the elderly to open. It is necessary to apply Easy Open lid which can open with small force to such container. Also, it is necessary to apply design such as pictogram to increase the size of letters and to know the information at a glance so that elderly people can easily understand the information of the product before purchase.

keyword : 유니버설 디자인, 패키지 디자인, 우유 주스, Universal Design, Package Design, Milk Juice

Background This study is purposed to examine the feature of designers` work inherited from Hermes women`s fashion and look into an reinterpreting process of its house legacy and spirits according to changing designer. Methods For the method, literature review and case study by the designer collection were taken. In details, first, Hermes timeline and house spirit were examined through literature. Second, case study was carried out with analysis of works from Martin Margiela, Jean Paul Gaultier and Christophe Lemaire to contemporary designer Nadge Vanhee-Cybulski. Analyzed characteristics were reviewed about concept and silhouette, color, material and pattern, and accessorial attachment according to classified designers. Lastly, difference and common point reflected on their works were examined. Result Research results are as follows. Martin Margiela expressed the high end and graceful basic items with roomy silhouette and tailoring-based basic items and achromatic color. Jean Paul Gaultier gave the sexy and dynamic modern female images to design by integrating the equestrian brand legacy into many themes and reinterpreting it with its wits and individuality. Christophe Lemaire represented the elegant and refined images to design with quality material and diverse patterns, concentrating on nomad spirit. Nadge Vanhee-Cybulski proceeded to contemporary elegance with modernistic and casual emotion, dynamic tone, and refined detail. Conclusion The above examination showed that Hermes women`s fashion kept showing changed renovation in connection with each designer`s view point but it also took over the unique classic and luxurious elegance based upon brand spirit and heritage on its own. Such an effort can be a possible resolution to lead Korean fashion brand to the prestige good worldwide as secured brand spirit inheritance, creative reinterpretation of brand legacy, high end quality, and buildup of trust.

keyword : 에르메스, 여성 패션, 패션디자이너, Hermes, Women`s Fashion, Fashion Designer

Background In modern society, psychological problems increase. In particular, an increase in suicide rate and depression due to university students` economic instability, schoolwork, employment and the like in Korean society becomes a serious social problem. Diverse studies are carried out to prevent the decrease of self-esteem in society at large, or improve mental health and maximize self growth. However, the actual condition is that studies on university student are insufficient, and studies relating to psychotherapeutic jewelry are very insufficient. Hence, this study is intended to examine an effect produced on correlation with wearing jewelry according to data collection and analysis through questionnaire and self-esteem test. Methods It is intended to examine correlation between level of self-esteem and wearing jewelry in university students through questionnaire of different type for data collection besides Rosenberg`s self-esteem scale and then verify this through precedent studies and literature review. Students at D university in Gyeongsan were requested to fill in questionnaire so as to examine relation between psychological well-being and low self-esteem due to various types of university students` stress. Result It was possible to find that university students` self-esteem was low in general through questionnaire suggested in this study. And it was possible to find that there was correlation with the frequency of wearing jewelry. This study obtained results where, as student`s self-esteem increased, the frequency of wearing jewelry increased. Conclusion As a result of factors analysis, university students tend to the low rate of self-esteem. The theory can be verified Rosenberg`s self-esteem test using SPSS12.0 program. Correlation between wearing jewelry and self-esteem shown by data analysis will be helpful to diverse follow-up studies enabling the increase of self-esteem in the future.

keyword : 대학생, 주얼리, 자아존중감, University student, Jewelry, Self-esteem

Background A middle-age women have different body shapes than young ones. Therefore, in order to provide appropriate clothing for middle-age women, it is necessary to understand their body shape accurately. The purpose of this study is to classify the body shape of middle-age women using 3D measurement data and understand the characteristics of body type. Methods This study analyzed the body shape of 40-59 years old women using the 3D data according to the 6th Korea human body survey report. A total of 60 body measurement items were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 statistical program. Result The body shape factors of middle-age women were analyzed by four factors such as body width and circumference, body height, leg circumference, and shoulder length and width. The body shape was divided into four categories. Type 1 has both large circumference. They have large shoulder length and width. Type 2 have the smallest height, especially the smallest of the four types, and the chest was larger than the hip. Type 3 is larger than other types in height, thinner in thickness, similar to the breast and hip circumference, and the waist is the narrowest. Type 4 was the largest of all items related to the leg circumference and the hip was larger than the bust. Therefore, type 1 is named as` Y cylinder type`, type 2 as `thin reverse ladder type`, type 3 as `slim hourglass type`, and type 4 as `thick ladder type`. Conclusion By analyzing the body shape of middle-age women, it can be used as a basic data for the design of clothing pattern for body shape suitable for middle-age female body shape characteristics. It is thought that the garment production that can satisfy the consumer`s desire can be achieved.

keyword : 중년 여성, 체형, 3차원, Middle-age women, Body shape, 3 Dimension

Background This study aims to assign formativeness from the painterly aspects of art by establishing the concept and classification of Hair Art, producing works and widening the range of creation as Hair Art which is a part of formative art. Also, a creative Hair Art work was produced with hair pieces after making a design by borrowing images from Roy Lichtenstein`s pop art works. Further, this work production is meant to offer assistance to Hair Art design in its acceptance as a new part of expression of art. Methods The characteristics and work expression method of Roy`s pop art works and his concept, characteristic and classification of Hair Art were considered and studied. Applying his pop art works, a total of four various Hair Art works were produced. Result First, the characteristic of Roy Lichtenstein`s works is that he produced works mostly by borrowing the image of comic-style advertising as a means of properly expressing the US mass society in the 1960s. In addition, Roy Lichtenstein`s expressive techniques can be roughly divided into the three sorts, i.e. Ben-day dot & use of a slide projector, outlines, and cartoony image & narrative balloon. Second, Hair Art can be classified into headdress Hair Art, painterly Hair Art, and formative Hair Art. Third, this study drew illustrations through the subdivision of a picture by borrowing Roy Lichtenstein`s paintings, and then did coloring with acrylic paint, and created a hair piece colored by menikyueo on illustrations, finally producing a total of 4 works using various collage techniques, sprinkling method, braiding method and putting method, etc. Conclusion Roy Lichtenstein`s pop art paintings played a role as a new motif for the development of a colorful but simple form of Hair Art works.

keyword : 로이 리히텐슈타인, 회화 모티브, 헤어아트, Roy Lichtenstein, Painting Motif Characteristic, Hair Art

Background This study is an exploratory one with the aim to develop a systematic protocol for the evaluation and improvement of the pedestrian safety of a neighborhood. The author developed the protocol based on the critical review of existing literature and conducted a multiple-case study to demonstrate the usefulness of the developed protocol. Methods The protocol includes three different investigation tools: map/data analysis using secondary data, field observation by trained investigators, and resident survey including mapping. The cases for the multiple-case study were two neighborhoods in Seoul metropolitan area, Korea. The case study compared the usability of the three investigative tools and explored how to deduce implications through triangulation. Result Results of the case study suggest that the investigators`field observation was more accurate than the residents`responses in the survey regarding traffic safety, based on statistics of traffic accidents at the sites, while the resident surveys better reflected the feelings and perceptions of residents. Conclusion In conclusion, the author suggests different approaches for the integration of the three analyses depending on what is considered more important, residents` anxiety levels or actual safety levels.

keyword : Pedestrian safety, Neighborhood environment, Urban design