The purpose of this study was to examine how the tween apparel industry can utilize a niche market strategy in order to compete with other apparel industry. The research designs used for this study were a questionnaire and an in depth case study method. A questionnaire was administered to the 15 tweens aged between 10 and 13 years old, all female, younger(10 to 11) and older(12 to 13), and living in Cary, North Carolina. The research questions were related to tween girls` clothing and other interests. Results show that tweens are the age group most affected by the social phenomenon known as age compression. Tween girls rarely make peers their heroes. Justice is the most favorable brand among the younger tween girls while Abercrombie & Fitch is the most popular brand among the older tween girls. Justice successfully appealed to the imagination of younger tweens and created romance. Abercrombie & Fitch zoomed right into the older tween`s desire for fame, placed them firmly in the center of the action and managed to retain the most fickle audience in today`s market. Both brands are designing clothes in varying styles and in a variety of different fits to conform to different body shapes.

keyword : 니치마켓, 트윈, 에이지 컴프레션, niche market, tween, age compression

This study aims at exploring the public design of Hakata and Busan Passenger terminal and the evaluation of the space. This evaluation includes functional, aesthetic and cultural satisfaction level of each place and the findings were analyzed in terms of cultural difference. 30 Korean and 30 Japanese monitors were chosen to experience the terminal space and evaluate the questionnaire which was developed by USI of Kyushu university for evaluation of public space. For the Busan Passenger terminal, Japanese satisfied only 40% space of coherency and 53.3% in expression of regionalism and culture while Koreans gave negative evaluations of that. Also, Koreans gave high evaluations in guidance, cleanliness, rest space and tourist map of the Hakata international terminal. However, Japanese seemed to be less satisfied than Korean with most of the items including guidance, expression of history and regionalism. This study suggests that Busan passenger terminal requires better guiding sign system in functional aspect and clean atmosphere with identity design reflecting Busan culture to increae the satisfaciton level of the users and to regenerate the tour industry of Busan.

keyword : 공공디자인, 인식평가, 부산여객터미널, Public Design, Cognition Evaluation, Busan Passenger Terminal

Fairy tale book is one of the important motives for growing young children to gain the knowledge of the world based on its inherent intimacy and it leads them to be grown up emotionally. High-quality illustrations, especially, that appears in fairy tale books could make young children to understand the structure, form and color of the objects and in the world which are never touched and faced by them so that it not only makes them interesting but give to them inspire the imagination. For that reason, the importance of high-quality illustrations has been increasingly emphasized in terms it helps the children to have the abilities to create. In such a context, an empirical study concerned about expression types of illustration matched on young children`s preferences has been performed. With emphasis on “the brother and sister character” and “the tiger” that appear in the fairy tale book named “the sun and the moon,” the 5-7 year children`s preferences about the cognitive attributes in Gestalt of illustrations have been found out. Major findings can be summarized into 5 in the following. Firstly, the young children prefer the human characters which expressed the facial expression vividly. Secondly, they like better medium outlines for the outlines of characters around a thickness of 1mm than too thick or nonexistent. Thirdly, relating with color, the monochromatic primary colors are preferred. Fourthly, the difference between the boys` preference and the girls` are found. In detail, the boys prefer the characters which are strong with the color and the expression but the girls the soft. Lastly, all of the children prefer the characters in soft curved lines and vivid facial expression for the icon of goodness, “the brother and the sister” but for the tiger character, “the icon of evilness,” they prefer rectilinear expression and strong color contrast. The result of this study is meaningful as the guidelines for developing high-quality illustration in the future.

keyword : 일러스트레이션, 캐릭터, 동화책, 유아 선호도, Illustration, Character, Fairy tale book, Young children`s preference

The aim of this study is to examine the strategies of housing and fashion business which is closely related to the necessity of life to see how they have established environmentally friendly corporate images in today`s market pursuing greener values. This study has focused on comparative analysis on those brands` color strategies in order to understand how this sociocultural and live issue has been dealt with in different fields. In pursuance of this goal, proper research objects were selected among diverse brands which have claimed to support eco-friendly values in their business, and the colors shown on visual PR materials and products were analysed. As analysis tools, IRI image scales and color images commonly used in Korean culture were utilized. Analysis results showed that both fields were generally using green as a symbol of nature on the visual materials for the purpose of communicating eco-friendly brand images. However, the colors for products indicated a significant difference according to the properties of each field and commodity. Housing brands were more concentrating on making use of colors stimulating strong associations with nature rather than promoting the fact that they used environmentally friendly materials on their exterior of the apartment. On the other hand, fashion brands were placing emphasis on the use of eco-friedly materials which can affect the human body while being contacted with skin. Fashion labels were making an effort to advertise their materials and less focusing on using colors reminding their customers of nature. Accordingly, the color plans for the clothes seemed to follow color trends of the targeted season or reveal the original colors from raw materials and natural dyes.

keyword : 브랜드 이미지, 친환경, 색채전략, Brand image, Environmentally-friendly, Color strategy

Both the color and the symbol mark are the product of embodied abstract concepts. Therefore, the color is one of the numerous embodied symbolic concepts of the symbol mark as an abstract concept. On the other hand, the color, as an essential element of the symbol mark, is used to materialize the abstract values and meanings that the symbol mark is pursuing due to its inherent symbolism. Based on this correlation between the color and the symbol mark, this study is intended to analyze the colors presented in the symbol marks with an analytical method used in Roland Barthes` mythologies, which provides a significant basis on interpretation of symbols, and examine the consistence of symbols that internalizes social meanings and values of colors as myth. Meanwhile, I take the symbol marks adopted by six metropolitan city governments of Korea as the examples for the study in the belief that the municipal governments of Korea will be able to implement image policies of their symbol marks better if certain significant implications are directly reflected in improvement of image policies of the municipal governments. In this sense, I take six symbol marks from the metropolitan cities including Busan, Incheon, Daejeon, Daegu, Gwangju and Ulsan to analyze the consistence between colors and its inherent meanings and finally derivate the important implications; a great attention needs to be paid to plentiful expression ability of colors in planning the design of the symbol mark.

keyword : 색채의 상징성, 바르트의 신화론, 지자체 심벌마크, Symbolism of the color, R.Barthes` Mythologies, Symbol marks of municipal governments

The digital age has changed the landscape on how the audience and viewers of movies can receive information. These effects are most noticeable in the advertisement and marketing of the movie poster. The research found four major trends in the way movie posters are currently being created. First, the movie poster has evolved from of the `static` or traditional movie poster to the current motion poster through its inclusion of story, sound, and motion. The research found specific characteristics in motion posters not found in traditional posters, which changes the capacity of the movie poster as well as the role of the designer. Second, global markets for movies has changed the dynamics for advertising and marketing of movies. The research found that because of language and cultural differences movie posters are being created specific to each country and market. Third, there is a return to the use of lenticular technology. The research found that advancements in the lenticular technology has provided innovative ways to create `3D` posters for the marketing of movies. Fourth, there have been many redesigns of classic movie posters. This research found that because of the digital film market via internet, cable, and DVD, the resurgence and interest into older movies has risen. This in turn has created a need to recreate the movie posters for a new generation of viewers. In order to address these current trends there is a need to empower the role of designer and a need for a new creative production system. Furthermore, there is a need for the designer`s role to be increased and imbued into the total advertising and marketing process.

keyword : 포스터디자인, 영화포스터, 영화포스터 디자이너, Poster Design, Movie Poster, Movie Poster Designer

This paper is a study on satisfaction of designs for public facilities by Post-Occupancy Evaluation of Street Spaces experienced by citizen in Gwamgyang-si. In the aspect of theoretical consideration, this study extracted the idea of the Evaluation Criterion Description which is based on the study of concepts and characteristics of Post-Occupancy Evaluation, the notion of public facilities designs, classification of them, and the evaluation of public facilities designs at home and abroad. The researches of cases and surveys of public facilities designs for Street Space in Gwangyang-si are analyzed for this study, also in the survey 99 questionnaires are used to verify with statistical program, SPSS, which carried out collating of Frequency Analysis, Descriptive Analysis, Correlation Analysis, and One-way Analysis of Variance. The result of this study is summarized like below: First, most of people surveyed consider that designs are the most important factor for the Street View of Gwangyang-si, but they are not satisfied with level, harmony, and satisfaction the design of street view have, therefore it is necessary to improve public facilities designs. Second, in the analysis of Evaluation Criterion Descriptions for public facilities designs of Street Space in Qwanmgyang-si, the average all the designs are presenting a low level. It means that designs for the Street Space have to be developed. Last, designs certainly need to be improved because of the result that all of the grades from Evaluation Criterion Descriptions for Designs are below average, especially some elements like aesthetic element, substantiality, and harmony are evaluated seriously, and also several public facilities like trash cans, the street trees guards, phone booths, and bus stops should be reformed. According to this situation, design factors related to a sense of beauty like aesthetic elements and harmony are made up when public facilities are constructed for the Street Space in Qwangyang-si for the future.

keyword : 공공시설물디자인, 거주후평가, 평가척도어, public facilities design, Post Occupancy Evaluation, Evaluation Criterion Description

When users interact with an interactive product to achieve goals, their knowledge is utilized, accumulated and generated, continuously modifying their mental models of the product. This process can be considered the users` learning process of the product. The goal of this paper is to investigate the relevant theories and methods in order to frame the Learning-Based Approach (LBA). By identifying users` knowledge process in a more structured way, this research aims to help designers develop interactive products that can support users` knowledge utilization and generation. The survey encompasses theories and methods from three different research areas: Cognitive Science, which provides the foundation of the basic concepts in a human cognitive process, and Human-Computer Interaction and Artificial Intelligence, which account for the Cognitive Science theories in more applicable ways. Although the previous works provide useful insights on the process of learning through user-product interaction, there is little research on systematic methodologies by which designers can effectively incorporate users` learning process into design practice. The LBA proposed by this study involves the conceptualization of learning processes, the implementation through knowledge representation, and the validation of this methodology. By doing so, designs adopting the LBA will be able to provide users with easier and richer experiences in using interactive products.

keyword : Design Methodology, Learning-Based Approach, Interactive Product Design

Drawing is the most basic project which brings forth the thoughts and logic of the artist through keen observations of objects for the purpose of expressing their characteristics. It is also a laboratory where new ideas and techniques are developed and new materials and methods invented, greatly reflecting the first moments of inspiration rather than the overall completed form of the work. In the 20th century, the externality and sensibility of drawing gradually became distorted, and it emerged as a medium of expression for an expanded spiritual world of intellectual and rational thought. Coming to conceptual art, this conceptual shift in the idea of drawing meant internal necessity, ideas, and its processes were accorded greater meaning than as a completed work achieved through a certain process. In this way, drawing began as a concept of an additional stage in achieving completion meaning "representation" of man, and later, in contemporary art today, its meaning expanded to become an art of the "thing itself". In observing the artistic characteristics, new positions and roles of contemporary drawing through the conceptual shift that has taken place in contemporary drawing, this research seeks to show that the contemporary concept of drawing expanded and its forms multipled, escaping from the confines of painting to become gradually homogenized. Therefore, it is viewed that contemporary drawing calls for a fundamental investigation of drawing itself, for to observe its meaning and function is to perceive the contemporary aesthetic and mode of thought, which can also lead to more accurate critical thought about contemporary drawing as well as a broadened view of it. The mode of thought of contemporary art is not completion or conclusion of the "conceptualization" of "objects", but rather a new beginning, a cognitive attitude as "shift". While it is a fundamental investigation of the act of "drawing". it is also an aesthetic of contemporary drawing that can explain the difficulties of contemporary art.

keyword : 드로잉, 현대미술, 발상적 전환, drawing, contemporary art, conceptual shift

The metaphysical formality of teapot is a new meaning in formative arts and its idea and forms of formality are the best way to improve life environment. Artificial sculpture like teapot which satisfies both practical use and aesthetic desire has impact on the functional and organic relations between construction and structure. In that sense, it is an important thing to reinterpret the making of the physical concept a metaphysical structure has through their correlational meaning and to create another possible world of the making. In interpreting and analyzing teapot to understand the concept and idea of formality and formal structure, we focus on the understanding of changing correlations about symbols as materialistic expressivity shown on metaphysical formality and forms as a structure and emblem as visual element and as a result, we could recognize creative and preceding expression activities of structure through selections of elements and techniques development and combinations of forms. Through the analysis of the formality concept and essence of teapot and the explanation of its structure as a formal structure, a comprehensive formality of types or patterns of tea pot was studied. Through this, it has been identified that teapot shows the balance among its natural beauty, consciousness beauty and geometrical beauty of formality and also gives a value as practical use of simple and clear artificial formality accompanied by artless art. The result is that to understand a system of structure and the idea of formality expressed on teapot exists as new shapes and values in the course of creation of structure.

keyword : 조형이념, 조형형식, 새로운 형상, Formative idea, Style, New shapes