Background Lasts for leather shoes is a major factor that affects the shoes fit, and the size of those should be different depending on age, but currently, all age groups over 18 are set the same. The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of Lasts for leather shoes for women in their 60s by analyzing the classification and characteristics of the feet of the lasts. Methods The analysis data was a total of 52 foot-related items, including 24 three-dimensional measurement values and 28 index values for a total of 199 women aged 60 to 69 of the 6th Size Korea. The items were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 statistic program. Result The length and width of the feet of women in their 60s were smaller, and the proportion of upper the Ball center point was higher than those in their 20s. The heel and the middle part were higher, and the medial Ball width was wider than those in their 20s. As a result of the factor analysis, six factors were derived: vertical foot size, horizontal foot size, outer foot shape, heel height, midfoot height, and toe angle. As a result of the cluster analysis, four factors were derived: 'I-shaped foot with high heel', 'A-shaped foot with high heel', 'H-shaped foot with low heel', and 'D-shaped foot with high midfoot and low heel'. The most common 'H-shaped foot with low heel' for women in their 60s is the representative foot shape for them. Conclusion The heel height of the Lasts for leather shoes for women in their 60s should be adjusted upward, and values such as the big toe height, forewing height, and heel height of those should be applied differentially by type.

keyword : 구두골, 발 형태, 60대여성, foot shape, Lasts for leather shoes, women in their 60s

Background In that the expansion of the visual arts field and the improvement of online and offline propagation power increase the value and utility of poster works, it is meaningful to study the expression methods and symbols of poster design. In particular, since intented visual symbols are important for posters message delivery, a semiological approach was adopted as a criterion for analyzing them. The purpose of this study is to analyze the works of GJFDA(Gwangju Jeonnam Federation of Design Associations) exhibited at the Gwangju Design Biennale International Poster Invitational Exhibition from a semiology point of view and to derive the significance of poster design as a visual communication medium. Methods The concept of poster and elements of visual expression were investigated, and the framework for case analysis was theoretically established through the consideration of the principles of Barthes’ semiology. Based on this, a total of 6 poster cases were analyzed and a comprehensive analysis was performed. Result As a result of connotative signification analysis, the artists induced perception, recognition, and persuasion about various social contradictions while critically examining contemporary social issues. To express this visually, they adopted the design expression elements of combination and repetition, and also adopted expression methods such as association and contrast. Conclusion This study was able to evoke the significance of poster design by examining how the Gwangju poster artists with expressive powers and artistry convey messages through implicit expression methods, and grasped the socio-cultural meanings of the works with applying Barthes' semiology.

keyword : 포스터 디자인, 기호학, 의미작용 분석, Poster Design, Semiology, Signifiaction Analysis

Background Numerous parents are busy with their work, they have limited time to interact with their children after their working hours, and thus there is limited engagement and interaction between parents and their children. Children are constantly in a stage of development, where their physical and mental health is in a growing and maturing process and they require the support of their parents in order to stay on the right track. This paper focuses on the development of numerous designs that enhance the intimacy between parents and their children by providing a feasible solution. Method We have utilized the user study which was based on direct parent interviews and children interviews. In addition, we held several online discussions to understand our targets more effectively and comprehensively. Our app, Twogether, has two main components: (1) educational videos and (2) interactive games. First, through the videos provided, children can learn about basic ethics, mathematics, English, and Korean. The video does not simply provide and convey information for the children to learn, but also provides some interactive questions for them to think about and ask to share their ideas with their parents. Result Our study found a way to help the majority of Korean parents who do not have much time for interaction with their children. After we tested our product with the two families, we obtained the results. It turns out that ‘Twogather’ requires both parents and children to participate, which encourages all participants to have a good quality of bonding time. Also, delivering academic information via gamification functions helps children to concentrate on education. Conclusion The research further highlighted that because of the lack of intimacy between parents and their children, especially during the younger years of the child, the child could suffer from behavioral disorders. In conclusion, the educational app ‘Twogether’, helped parents to better interact with their children and helped children to strengthen their academic skills.

keyword : Working parents, Children’s education, Lack of interaction

Background The purpose of this study is to propose a participatory public design program that can find and improve inconvenience factors based on the design thinking methodology of the elementary school education environment, which has increased inconvenience factors as the educational environment changes under the influence of COVID-19. Methods Theoretical research, surveys, interviews, and workshops were conducted in parallel to develop participatory public design programs. First, a theoretical review was conducted on the changes in the educational environment of elementary schools before and after the COVID-19 situation and the concepts of public design and participatory design. Second, based on this, a public design program was designed through surveys and interviews for elementary school students. Third, the program was supplemented and developed through a participatory public design workshop that can improve the educational environment through the participation of learners. Result The participatory public design program was used to directly find problems with the educational environment and to derive measures for improving the educational environment through active participation of students who are the subjects of use. Conclusion First, we helped students to explore the surrounding environment from a reasonable and objective perspective, and to lead students to voluntarily participate in practical perceptions and experiences of public design. Second, through public design education, we were able to pay attention to the relationship and harmony between public design and the environment. Third, through the design education program, we developed a positive understanding and interest in the surroundings and the environment of the society.

keyword : 공공디자인, 참여디자인, 디자인씽킹, Public Design, Participatory Design, Design Thinking

Background In contemporary art, integrated discussions on works using costumes as media have been conducted in various ways. However, although many artists have begun to adopt certain items such as shoes as objects, specific discussions on the formative languages of shoes as objects are insufficient. Method A literature study was conducted to theoretically discuss the characteristics and usage techniques of objects, types of shoes, and socio-psychological meanings in art. Based on this, among the artworks produced since the 1910s, the works involving shoes were investigated through literature surveys and Internet data surveys, and their inherent meaning was analyzed. Results Shoes were used as objects in various works of art as symbolic formative language that could metaphorically reveal the artist's intentions. Artist gathered an unspecified number of shoes to represent the destiny community, people at disaster sites and victims of violence, and the artists talked about healing through life, death, and memories. Certain shoes implicitly expressed couples, marriages, and sexual intercourse, and were used to express psychological, economic, and sexual greed. In particular, women's high heels were dealt with very extensively. Artists talked about women who were violated through high heels, idealization of women's bodies, fetishism, and feminism. Conclusion In various methods and forms, what artists tried to convey through the medium of shoes was the characteristics of a stark modern society and the attributes of the times. They personified shoes into humans in their daily lives. Even shoes of the same kind played a variety of complex roles that could be interpreted differently, such as death, life, sexual meaning, or resistance meaning, depending on the artist's intention or form of expression.

keyword : 오브제, 신발, 상징적 의미, Objet, Shoes, Symbolic Meaning

Background The purpose of this study is to suggest improvement plans for the creation of facilities and spaces where the socially disadvantaged can go to school with confidence. Methods In order to identify the problems of school routes and to derive improvement measures, theoretical considerations were conducted on children and universal design. The study was conducted at Daejeon Yucheon Elementary School in Doma-dong, which was designated as are development area. Students, parents, and citizens were surveyed on the in convenience of the walking environment at Yucheon Elementary School in Daejeon, and problems of school route facilities were derived to suggest improvement measures and supplementary points. Results The school route of Yucheon Elementary School in Daejeon presented improvement measures for each facility and predicted changes accordingly by utilizing the universal design principles of universal use, accessibility, cognitivity, safe design, function provision, and pleasant environment suggested by researchers. Conclusions First, the concepts and elements of the school route design were summarized, and the problems of the school route in the original city were derived. Second, a survey was conducted on students, parents, and citizens based on the universal design principle to find the main risk factors for school routes. Third, through comparative studies with improvement cases, the design improvement points of the original downtown school route were derived. Fourth, a design improvement plan considering various users was proposed. Based on this study, it is hoped that public design reflecting the universal design principle will be applied to school routes to ensure the safety rights of elementary school students.

keyword : 유니버설디자인, 공공디자인, 통학로, Universal Design, Public Design, School Road

Background Due to the rapid change in the digital age, live streaming is emerging as a space where people with common interests can communicate and form relationships. Interactions and emotional reactions, which are components of a live streaming environment, can affect a user's communication method and relationship formation. In particular, as the usage rate of online live streaming services is rapidly increasing after COVID-19, it is necessary to study the direction of live streaming. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the difference between the empathy expression interaction type and the user’s emotional reaction type in live streaming according to personal characteristics and favorable feelings toward the entertainer who is a broadcaster of live broadcasting in emotional connectedness and awareness of co-location. Methods Literature studies and experimental studies were conducted. In the literature study, the status and characteristics of live streaming were summarized, and four cases of live streaming platforms currently used were analyzed and interaction types related to empathy were identified. Based on this, a survey was conducted on the produced experimental material and the hypothesis was verified. Result The types of interaction and user emotional reaction had different effects on users' emotional connectedness and awareness of co-location for each type. Personal tendencies of self-expression and self-exposure were high when high, and low when low. However, the opposite result was found in the number type in the empathy expression interaction type. In addition, emotional connectedness and the awareness of co-location felt by users were high or low depending on their liking for the entertainers who were performing live streaming. Conclusion This study examines the direction of interaction and user emotional reaction methods, which are components of live streaming, at a time when the use rate of online live streaming has rapidly increased. This study is meaningful in that it can play an effective role in forming a positive relationship that enhances the emotional connectedness between people and the awareness of co-location online.

keyword : 라이브 스트리밍, 인터랙션, 정서적 유대감과 공동의 공간감, Live Streaming, Interaction, Emotional Connectedness and Awareness of Co-location

Background Urban regeneration has gradually become an important means of urban development, and the number of design researches related to urban regeneration has been increasing. The public, as stakeholders in urban regeneration projects, is critical to their perception of the design. The purpose of this study is to examine the public's design preferences through the Wudianshi urban regeneration project in Quanzhou, China. Methods This study is based on the space design of Wudianshi urban regeneration project and uses Q methodology to investigate the preferences of the local public, and 33 statement texts were selected through literature research and field interviews to test a P-sample of 24 local publics. Finally, the collected data were analyzed using the QUANL PC program. Result The local publics' perceptions of urban regeneration design are divided into four types. Type 1 is the city image-oriented type, which pays attention to the brand and image of the city, as well as the display and dissemination of local traditional culture. Type 2 is the livability-oriented type, which hopes to improve the physical function of the environment to facilitate the use of modern people. Type 3 is the cityscape visually oriented type, which focuses more on the historical urban landscape and are more sensitive to landscape visuals. They desire for visual improvements in urban regeneration design areas. Type 4 is the tourism and leisure-oriented type, which attracts people through design for local area growth. Conclusion This study informs local urban regeneration design or planning by understanding the design preferences of the local public. It helps urban regeneration projects to be better accepted by the public and to be able to better meet the public's needs in future projects.

keyword : Urban Regeneration, Design, Q-methodology

Background This study has a purpose to find out the domestic research trend in 3D printing fashion. It can provide the direction and fundamental information for research pertaining to 3D printing fashion. Methods Research method follows the literature examination on 88 papers in 3D printing fashion among the domestic dissertations and academic journals. Its coverage includes the year 2013 when 3D printing fashion was first introduced up to 2021 and analyzes timeline trend, research field and method, themes, launched product type, applied program and technologies. Result Results about 3D fashion printing show the steady uprising trend from 2013 and the concentration on R&D in design area or slot. Research puts focus mainly on accessories, miscellaneous goods, and clothes. Developed items are various clothes, bag, hat and cap, fabric structure and many other varieties. At the initial stage, 3D modeling programs are confined to a certain programs and diverse applications are used gradually. The applied technology mostly accepts the fused deposition modeling(FDM) type. Conclusion Thanks to the evolving revolution in 3D printing, fashion area will expand its research as well. In terms of convergence and fusion, 3D printing in fashion is expected to be more active than ever before.

keyword : 3D 프린팅, 패션, 국내 연구 동향, 3D Printing, Fashion, Domestic Research Trend

Background As the lifestyle of the elderly changes in the direction to maintain an active life and the silver market that provides elderly-friendly services is growing, silver care robots are attracting attention. However, research on the design of robots for the silver generation is rather incomplete, and research on robot design for the elderly is necessary. This study intends to present basic data for the design of social robots for silver care by identifying user needs for functions, personalities, and appearance of social robots for silver care. Methods Based on previous studies, a research model was designed and questionnaires were constructed on the function, personality and appearance of social robots for silver care. By conducting an online user survey, multiple regression analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were performed to analyze the expected personality type according to the function of the social robot for silver care and the expected appearance image according to the personality type. Result As a result of analyzing the type of personality according to the robot's function, it was found that a responsible and pleasant personality is expected for health support and life support functions, and an open and extroverted personality is suitable for emotional and social support functions. In addition, as a result of analyzing the appearance image according to the personality type of the robot, humanoid and semi-humanoid appearances were expected for responsible and pleasant personalities, and Android appeared to have an appearance suitable for pleasant personalities. Conclusion This study analyzed the functions of social robots for silver care, their personalities, and the relationship between the personalities and external images of the robots.

keyword : 실버케어 소셜 로봇, 로봇 퍼스널리티, 로봇 외형, Silver-care Social Robot, Robot Personality, Robot Appearance