Background Omnichannel retailing leverages businesses’ online and offline resources. Given the increasing prevalence of omnichannel sales, these strategies have become the subject of increasing numbers of studies. Most studies on omnichannel retailing have been about purchasing environments and have been conducted on large firms, not small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). This study investigated omnichannel retailing strategies utilized by SMEs to generate practical insights for how SMEs can leverage them to increase their competitiveness and enhance their relationships with customers. Methods This study was conducted as a series of case studies on SMEs in the fashion, cosmetic, and food and beverage industries to identify how they implemented effective omnichannel retailing strategies. The subjects were analyzed through direct customer experience, online observations, and offline store visits. Results Firms in the fashion industry utilized both offline channels and online channels while those in the cosmetics industry mainly utilized online subscription services to offer customized products to customers. Most of the firms analyzed in this study implemented aggressive social media marketing strategies. All of the firms that offered platforms used big data analysis and prediction algorithms to offer personalized services and product recommendations to customers. Many firms also used live commerce to directly interact with customers in real-time. These firms also integrated channels to enhance their brand experiences, which helped them to maintain close relationships with customers. Conclusion This study’s results have three main implications for how SMEs should develop omnichannel retailing strategies. First, SMEs should either utilize various platforms as their foundation or develop as platforms themselves because platforms and the firms that use them can provide mutual benefits. Second, they should implement appropriate and affordable digital technologies. Third, their omnichannel strategies should be sustainable. Engaging in omnichannel retailing by cooperating with other firms and using digital technologies can improve a brand’s image and affect customers’ purchase intentions.

keyword : Omnichannel Retailing Strategy, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, Digital Transformation

Background With the development of cities, space have become more complex, and a study on “Spatial Images” that can view spaces and infer route has become important. As a preliminary research for this, the purpose of this study is to consider constituent and visualization techniques that can display the spatial structure on orientation design. Methods Based on literature studies in the fields of urbanology, geography, cognitive psychology, and spatial design, types and features for space, constituent, and visualization techniques were derived. By FGI, semantic analysis, and case study, the priorities and visualization techniques of the constituent according to spatial types were proposed. Result First, five types of spaces and characteristics of each type were proposed based on the connection and integration of spaces.(Isolated, Scattered, Linked, Branched, Netted type) Second, the seven “Cognitive map-forming constituent”(Paths, node, Edge, Hierarchy, Landmarks, Zone, Gate) were proposed as spatial formation and spatial percipience elements. Third, ten techniques(Simplification, Grouping, Refinement, Aggregation, Substitution, Exaggeration, Enhancement, Displacement, Distortion, Addition) to visualize the spatial structure were proposed, and visualization techniques according to spatial formation constituent and spatial types were suggested. Conclusion This study is considered to be of greater significance in that it presented a cognitive starting point for designing a orientation sign from a designer’s point of view. Based on the results of this study, I intend to concretize the spatial structure visualization technique in the future and conduct cognitive analysis on this.

keyword : 인지지도, 안내사인, 공간 시각화, Cognitive Map, Orientation Sign, Visualization of Space

Background Artificial intelligence) (AI) is a branch of machine learning that facilitates the design and enhances designers’ efficiency. AI has increased the assistants’ efficiency in searching appropriate images. With the rate AI is developing, new tools will be developed that co-work with a designer to help apprentices learn the designer’s style and understand the design intent. Therefore, reasoning design intent and design elements are the important foundation for AI-based design tools. The purpose of this study is to provide such a foundation by proposing a model to infer the relationship between design intent and elements. Methods We observed and recorded the design intent and how a designer designs with elements. Then, we analyzed causal relations and probability between design intent and elements according to Bayes' theorem. In addition, we constructed an ontology to generate the Bayesian network. Finally, we simulated design intent reasoning based on the selected designer’s elements. Result We proposed an ontology and Bayesian Network for the design intent from the selected elements and provided appropriate design elements recommendations for specific design intent. Conclusion We built an ontology to make programs understand the relationship between design intent and design elements based on the observation of a designer’s work. We proposed a Bayesian Network to reason the designer’s intent from the designer’s selected elements and offer design suggestions based on the design intent. This study is a foundational study for the development of AI design tools that co-work with a designer like apprentices.

keyword : bayesian network, design ontology, AI design tool

Background In recent years artificial intelligence is bringing new change in the whole modern society. The advance of artificial intelligence has raised interest in the role of AI in the arts and design field, and its growing impact on the fashion industry remains positive. Emergent AI technologies in open-source design software tools are allowing non-professionals to have easy access to such skills, which were commonly considered complex and technical. The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state of AI based design tools, and discuss the optimized creative working relationship of AI and fashion designers that increase the efficiency of the fashion design thinking process. Methods As methods of research, this paper first examines previous research and literature on artificial intellegence and design thinking processes, and investigates the fashion design thinking process. It then analyze 10 cases of exixting AI based design tools that can be utilized in the fashion design ideation stage, and conduct interviews of fashion design professionals to analyze the overall functional property and advantages. It then suggests a framework of AI-based fashion design thinking process and discusses the design possibilities of emergent AI technologies in the fashion design context. Result As a result, the detailed functions of the cases were grouped into 8 categories, and 7 advantages were derived. Based on these results, the potentials of AI in the fashion design thinking process were discussed. First, AI design tools are likely to act as a design partner of a fashion designer, and the collaboration between AI and human will enhance the efficiency and quality of the result. Second, it appears that the importance of convergent thinking will increase, thus implementing that fashion designers’ creativity will be more focused on planning and selecting from existing ideas. Third, the outcomes of AI based design tools could promote inspiration, thus acting as a stimulant of the designer’s creativity. Conclusion This research aims to suggest a methology that integrates AI technology and fashion design, and clarify the future role and necessary capabilities of fashion designers in the age of artificial intelligence.

keyword : 인공지능, 디자인 툴, 패션 디자인 프로세스, Artificial Intelligence, Design Tools, Fashion Design Process

Background The Fourth Industrial Revolution presented new values and visions in the design area through social change and the development of new technologies, which influenced the duties and capabilities of designers. As a result the necessity of designing subjects for the development of human resources suitable for the detailed curriculum of design vocational training and changes in the labor market is emerging. Methods The 4th industrial design changes and required competencies were examined through literature surveys and the actual status and status of design vocational training were investigated around the 2020 operating curriculum. Result Currently design vocational training shows the limitations of not being able to train various talents lack the diversity of trainee's choice of subjects and unstable employment and maintenance of the same job group after the training. This stems from the fact that the criteria for course opening and subject design are performance-oriented aspects of job training and the correlation between the recruitment rate of students and the operation of training institutions. Conclusion The conclusion of the study should be classified and courses should be opened at a goal-oriented point in time and prior experience and information on tasks should be provided for new tasks in reemployment. In addition customized improvements are needed to expand the diversity of subjects by level and stage and to train designers with online education for basic skills and per-learning.

keyword : 디자인 교육 과정, 직업훈련, 디자이너양성, Design curriculum, Professional Training, Designer training

Background In modern society, the pace of development and change is taking place very quickly. In order to adapt to the changes and keep pace with the growth rate of society, modern people are exposed to overheated competition and stress in the flood of information. People who cannot keep up with the changes of the times have frustration and anxiety, and emotional pain is great. For these modern people, the need to empathize with their emotions and relieve their emotions and stress is growing. This study intends to propose a lighting lamp design that illuminates various colors using the mandala pattern of art psychology, and to find out the psychological meaning and characteristics. Methods Investigate the concept and characteristics of mandala, and explore the psychological characteristics of mandala used in art psychology. To understand the concept and theory of color, and to find out the psychological meaning and characteristics of mandala color. Based on the psychological characteristics of mandala pattern design and color, we study lighting design that gives empathy and comfort. Result Through the design of the mandala pattern of art psychology, we investigated the use of lighting as a design. We propose a new lighting design that evokes emotional sympathy through mandala design and color. Conclusion By applying Mandala design in the design area of formative lighting lamps, we tried to expand the use of lighting lamps into the psychological area. Through the study of the design of mandala lighting, we investigated the possibility of psychological empathy and emotional resolving through the pattern of mandala lighting, the symbolism of the illuminated color, and the psychological characteristics. We propose a meaningful design that can provide emotional relief and empathy in everyday life, which can be helpful in the present era when emotional pain emerges as a social problem.

keyword : 만다라, 색심리, 조명등, Mandara, Color Therapy, Lighting

Background The rapidly changing social environment and changes in consumers' consciousness made the issue of cultural appropriation of fashion public. This study focused on the reality that the diversity of inspiration of contemporary fashion violates the inclusiveness and diversity pursued by the modern society, and it seeks and analyzes the controversial cultural appropriation cases of such diversity, and discusses the practice of cultural diversity in the fashion industry. I have a purpose. Methods Literature studies and case studies were conducted in parallel. First of all, as a literature study, a theoretical re view of culture and cultural diversity and historical considerations ranging from chinoiserie in the 18th century to the influence of other cultures in fashion in the 20th century were conducted. As a case study, we collected, analyzed and classified articles on the subject of cultural appropriation and cultural diversity, and discussed cultural appropriation in modern fashion and examples of cultural diversity practice in the fashion industry. Results The cultural appropriation problem of the fashion industry was classified into race, tradition, religion, and history. As a result of case analysis, the lack of understanding and distortion caused by racism, theft of ethnic craftsmanship and historical values, distortion and lack of understanding of religious divinity, Western superiority and The issues of distortion and conduct based on colonialism were discussed. In order to pursue diversity in the fashion industry, practices such as embracing diverse races, respecting ethnicity and locality, and acknowledging designer identities were discussed, and the establishment of special organizations or departments such as the Diversity Professional Committee was confirmed. As a result of the discussion, this study revealed the relationship between the cultural transfer problem caused by the fashion industry and the pursuit of cultural diversity values. Conclusion This study discusses the cultural appropriation of race, tradition, religion, and history in today's fashion industry, as well as corporate consciousness and solutions to these issues. The pursuit of cultural diversity values of fashion companies as a result of the research is a task that must be practiced continuously along with the recognition of corporate social responsibility.

keyword : 문화적 전유, 문화다양성, 다양성, Cultural Appropriation, Cultural Diversity, Diversity