Background In order to systematically evaluate various mobile applications in the rapidly changing smartphone market, usability evaluation criteria suitable for the characteristics of the latest devices must be prepared. Accordingly, this study aimed to develop a usability evaluation factors suitable for the characteristics of the latest mobile service. Methods In the preliminary investigation stage, a literature study on usability was conducted, and items with a high proportion in common were selected first. At this time, usability principles were largely divided into principles for product/software evaluation and principles for mobile evaluation. In this study, the priorities among factors were investigated and derived using the AHP hierarchical decision-making method. Result The items selected in the preliminary survey were efficiency and aesthetics. In this study, as a result of the AHP survey, consistency was evaluated as the most important factor, followed by understandability, controllability, intuitiveness, flexibility, visibility, readability, error prevention, conciseness, and standardity. Intuition was evaluated as the most important factor in product/software, consistency was evaluated as the most important factor in mobile, and consistency was evaluated as the most important factor in overall. Conclusion Items derived from the preliminary survey and items derived from the AHP analysis in the main survey were integrated to select items suitable for mobile GUI. It is proposed to designate the final usability evaluation factors selected through this analysis method as intuitiveness, visibility, consistency, understandability, controllability, efficiency, and aesthetics.

keyword : 모바일 GUI, AHP, 사용성 평가, Mobile GUI, Usability Evaluation

Background The Belle Epoque era was a period of rapid economic development due to industrialization and the revival of culture and arts. However, it was a time of explosive revival in the field of culture and art, but at the same time it was a time of polarization in which the weak in terms of race or sexuality were discriminated against. These points were examined through the events that the main characters, Delili and Orel, experience in the play, and also analyzes the visualized images to find the message they want to say in the play. Methods Michel Ocelot's animated film < Dilili in Paris > discusses the ‘discrimination' of the weak in terms of gender and race through narrative. For the psychological part appearing in the visual aspect, the meanings that the image of color is intended to represent were analyzed. Result France has transformed into a splendid city with the emergence of a new wealthy class due to economic development, but the dark side of society has appeared in various parts of society due to discrimination against the poor, women, and race. Through the process of resolving cases with distinguished celebrities from all walks of life, I was able to see the narrative of this era and the process of subversion. Conclusion The French gaze at Dilili was distinction and discrimination. In addition, discrimination appeared in various fields because of being a woman, and the rebellion of the weak who wanted to overthrow it was shown. In the visual aspect, the characters and color images were well matched, and the background colors also expressed the difference between classes through the stark contrast of light and shade and saturation.

keyword : 파리의 딜릴리, 벨 에포크시대, 차별, Dilili in Paris, Belle Epoque era, Discrimination

Background As the supply of smartphones has increased recently, the mobile advertising market is also expanding. However, mobile advertisements use reckless dark pattern designs to generate profits, and damage is also increasing raising the need for directions for the use of dark pattern designs in mobile advertisements. Therefore, this study aims to study the effect of the dark pattern design type on the user experience in the overall mobile advertising design. Methods In this study, the types of mobile advertisements were identified, and the types of mobile advertisements and the types of dark pattern design functions were classified into 11 types. After that, based on the results of previous studies on user experience in mobile advertisements, the survey was conducted by establishing a definition of advertisement perception, perceived intrusion, advertisement avoidance, and discomfort/deception according to the type of mobile advertisement. Result As a result of the study, it was found that there was a significant effect on the user experience according to the type of mobile advertisement, and the user experience according to the dark pattern detailed function in the pop-up banner type had a significant effect on the user experience excluding advertisement avoidance. It was found that the user experience according to the detailed functions of the dark pattern in the embedded and native types had a significant effect only on advertising awareness and discomfort/deception. Conclusion This study classified mobile advertising types using dark patterns, and verified differences in user experience of dark pattern functions by deriving detailed functions using dark pattern design for each mobile type, and thus derived the most positive mobile advertising types and functions.

keyword : 모바일 광고, 다크패턴 디자인, 사용자 경험, Mobile Advertisement, Dark Pattern Design, User Experience

Background China has become the number one country in the number of diabetic patients. Influenced by health awareness, the wave of 'sugar reduction' prompted major companies to work to innovate, and the Food and Beverage (F&B) industry created a mortgage/sugar-free consumption boom. Currently, the development of the sugar-free F&B market is gradually increasing. Therefore, this study aims to examine the visualization characteristics of the sugar-free concept by analyzing the case of expressing sugar-free as a visual element in the package design of sugar-free F&B products. Methods First, it is to investigate the market status of sugar-free F&B and analyze the product characteristics of sugar-free F&B. Second, we establish a framework for visual expression analysis through theoretical background research on package design. Third, we analyze 20 product cases based on the analysis frame to analyze the role of visual elements in sugar-free F&B package design and the symbolic representations contained in the package design, and draw conclusions. Result Overall, visual symbols are used in all four types of sugar-free F&B packages, but product characteristics and product requirements vary depending on the type of sugar-free F&B, and the symbol method and object of symbols are also different. Conclusion First, raw material symbols allow consumers to accept sugar-free information. Symbols that show the raw materials of sugar-free food make you feel additive-free and healthy. Second, it visually symbolizes low calories so that consumers can accept sugar-free information. Third, consumers can accept information about sugar-free by creating a symbol of sugar-free. Fourth, it is necessary to clarify the order of sugar-free product information.

keyword : 패키지 디자인, 무설탕 F&B, 시각적 상징화, Package Design, Sugar-Free F&B, Visual Symbolization

Background At the end of 2019, COVID-19 began to spread. So most of the exhibition activities of artists were suspended, and artists resumed exhibition activities online. However, there is a clear limit to reflecting the artist's intention when planning online exhibitions. The appearance of metaverse can solve the limited parts of online exhibition as above. The purpose of this paper is to find out how to solve the limited part of online exhibitions through the grafting of exhibitions and metaverse. Methods First, online exhibitions were theoretically reviewed by referring to literature data and previous studies, and the types of exhibitions were derived by comparing and analyzing 50 domestic and 30 overseas online exhibitions that have been exhibited from 2020 to the present. After that, the common characteristics of exhibitions by type were collected to derive each feature. Result Online exhibitions using the metaverse platform may have the following utilization plans. First, the artist can design the experience from entering the exhibition hall to leaving. Second, with free communication within the metaverse, the artist can enter the avatar in the exhibition hall and explain the work to visitors in real time. Third, the limitations of not being able to do various activities in the existing online exhibition hall can be resolved through free movement on the metaverse. Conclusion In this paper, we analyzed whether representative limitations can be overcome using the metaverse platform by analyzing existing online exhibitions. As a result, it is possible to solve the limitations of online exhibition by using the metaverse platform. However, if appropriate complementary points for the metaverse are prepared, it is expected that you will be able to experience a different feeling of online exhibition.

keyword : 온라인 전시, 전시 플랫폼, 메타버스, Online exhibition, Exhibition platform, Metaverse

Background Metaverse is emerging as the 4th generation of SNS(Social Network Service). Different from the existing SNS, Metaverse has environmental characteristics that are both online and offline. Accordingly, this research proposes a new friend recommendation method in a Metaverse service by integrating it with the encounter attribute, a practical attribute for inducing affection in offline. Methods The hyperlocal encounter attribute that triggers bonding is applied in the user interface of the social network service. An experiment including prototype exploration of virtual video and survey is conducted using Wizard of Oz methodology. The primary purpose of the experiment is to identify users tendency to make new friends in the Metaverse environment. Additionally, in-depth interviews are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of those features and user interfaces. Result The results indicate that the offline hyperlocal attribute is also valid within the Metaverse, and the number of encounters is a compelling attribute in making new friends in SNS. The higher the number of encounters, the higher the intimacy participants have felt on one another. Other practical attributes perceived by the participants are visual factors such as outfits of an avatar and sharing similar interests in the Metaverse. The latter attribute is one of the most popular friend recommendation methods of existing services. Conclusion Through this study, we have proposed a new SNS friend recommendation method in the Metaverse environment by combining the affection attribute of hyperlocal. Based on the insights found in the experiment, we expect to be able to provide a more suitable form of friend recommendation for users in the Metaverse environment in the future.

keyword : 메타버스, 소셜 네트워크 서비스, 하이퍼로컬, Metaverse, SNS, Social Network Service, Hyperlocal

Background Character, which is an element to appeal the image of a product in package design, is used as a company's brand image and has an important influence on promoting the brand image as it can approach consumers easily and friendly. This study aimed to derive the characteristics of characters that appeared in beer package design quantitatively through social media big data analysis. Methods This study collected related posts for the last 3 years from September 30, 2020 to October 1, 2022 with the keyword 'beer package design character' using Texttom. The scope of data collection was conducted through portal/SNS websites such as Google, Naver, and Daum targeting Koreans. The collected data was refined and the characteristics of the characters shown in the final beer package design were derived through 2-mode network analysis and CONCOR analysis. Result First, 55 key words were selected through data collection and refinement. Second, the selected 55 key words were analyzed with a 2-mode network, and finally 25 characteristic words representing the characteristics of the characters shown in the beer package design were inferred. Third, by clustering the inferred characteristic words, the characteristics of the characters shown in the beer package design, such as 'originality', 'attention', 'economy', and 'communication', were derived. Conclusion Comparing the characteristics of package design characters inferred in previous studies with the results derived through social media big data analysis, 'economic' and 'communication' showed the same results, and were considered as characteristics centered on the company that is the developer of the character.

keyword : 맥주 패키지 디자인, 캐릭터 특성, 소셜미디어 빅데이터, Beer package design, Character characteristics, Social media big data

Background As publicly used establishments such as department stores and outlets with a large transient population expand, the problems of safety and fire-related casualties are increasing. Therefore, the importance of evacuation maps, which is directly related to emergency evacuation, has escalated. However, finding or identifying evacuation guidance at first glance is still challenging. This study aims at the current status of department stores' evacuation guide map and suggests the design direction of the evacuation guide map for effective information delivery. Methods Based on the current case studies, the status of evacuation guide map design in department stores and consumer interviews, this study focuses on considering evacuation guidance by evaluating the evacuation map's effectiveness with visibility, memory, and clarity. Result As a result of case studies, there was a problem with the mix of evacuation map designs and the expression of information for intuitive recognition of customers. According to the interviews, the most significant part of the evacuation guide map was the ‘current location.’ To this point, it is significant to specifying colors and pictogram expressions that could be intuitively recognized. Nevertheless, the complexity of the information indicated in the evacuation guide map was difficult to comprehend. Thus, this study found that the design of the evacuation guide map needs to be improved. Conclusion An evacuation guide map is required to increase visibility for intuitive recognition and have a the complex information should be selectively recognizable and understandable. It was necessary to improve the size and form of the pictogram of the current location so that consumers could instantly recognize the pictograms. And it is important to deliver accurate information to consumers in a systematic and consistent expression at each department store branch.

keyword : 피난안내도, 정보디자인, 사인시스템, Evacuation Maps, Information Design, Sign System

Background As the aging of the world becomes serious, it is emerging as a global social phenomenon. Public design is attracting great social attention, but public facilities for the elderly are still insufficient. China's Ganshi has a large elderly population base and an aging population will become a new normal.　Urban construction needs research to prevent and improve aging. The main interest in public design targeting the elderly was found to be health style, safety, and usability. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the demand for opinions of the age group and improve the demand for presentation. The main discussion in the text is how public facilities and spaces can supplement and adjust public design functions to meet the various needs of the elderly. Methods The first is to investigate the aging population of the past and to understand public facilities and general design. Second, the chair of Daemyeongho Lake in Jansi, Shandong Province, was selected as the main subject of the study, and investigated and analyzed. Third, it analyzes the collection situation and submits an improvement proposal. Result First, maintenance should be carried out regularly to avoid potential safety hazards. Second, it is necessary to pay attention to whether the structure of the chair is suitable for the elderly. Third, the backrest and armrest are important components of the chair. It is indispensable. Fourth, the height of public chairs suitable for the elderly is investigated and improved. Conclusion The conclusion is that improving the living environment of the aged is based on the concept of universal design, and the elderly are concerned about safety. In this paper, the improvement method of the aged public facilities should be investigated further.

keyword : 고령화 시대, 공공시설물, 유니버설디자인, the age of aging, public facilities, general design

Background Water, an essential resource for survival, helps architects better demonstrate their design preferences in their works. Human beings have been exploring the relationship between man and nature and space, from the ancient lifestyle of choosing water to the construction environment full of reinforced concrete. Presently, advocating the return of nature and drawing closer to the sense of alienation between man and the natural environment have become the design method highly recommended by modern architectural space. As for the exterior space of the architecture, water will become a positive landscape resource, expressing and transmitting the beauty and energy from nature to the artificial structure in a fusion manner. Methods Firstly, the structure of the brain's preference for water as a landscape element is analyzed based on evolutionary aesthetics. Secondly, this study analyzes the projects which used water elements in the exterior space of architecture. The aesthetic characteristics of symmetry, orderliness, and impression are summarized through the categories of three expressions: plane, facade, and impression. Finally, the processing of aesthetic preferences for water elements occurring in the brain is analyzed in the context of neuroscience theory. Result It was concluded that the natural preference for water, the unconscious preference for the gloss of water, and the restoration of water's attention to people were preferred as survival resources. It is found that the expression of symmetrical beauty by the plane of water elements in the outer space of the building produces positive emotions. The order of the surface of the water element creates pleasure by inducing aesthetic favor. The semantic beauty of water as an impression creates positive emotions. Conclusion This study argues that it has an excellent sensitivity to the combination of architecture and water landscape elements based on research in evolutionary aesthetics. Through the study of two theories of evolutionary aesthetics and neuroscience, this study recognizes the aesthetic relationship of water elements in the outer space of architecture, providing scientific direction to architectural design.

keyword : Water Elements, Evolutionary Aesthetics, Neuroscience