Vol.88  No.0  2025

Background OTT platforms induce content selection by concisely conveying the core message of the content, and in this process, thumbnails function as key information. Thumbnails are content that concisely convey the mood and molecules of the content, influencing whether users click and watch. Methods This study classified the content thumbnails of OTT platforms into six types of expressions based on the visual expression composition method: person-centered, scene-centered, object-centered, person-scene-centered, person-object-centered, and scene-object-centered, and empirically analyzed how users perceive and prefer each type. To this end, attention, favorability, and participation were set as evaluation factors, and a survey was conducted targeting 90 actual OTT users. Result As a result of the analysis, the [Person/Scene-Centered] and [Person/Object-Centered] types recorded the highest average scores in terms of attention, favorability, and participation, indicating that the complex visual expression type was preferred. On the other hand, the [Person/Scene-Centered] and [Scene/Object-Centered] types showed relatively low scores. Conclusion It suggests that the combination of complex visual elements in thumbnail design induces higher visual attention and emotional favorability from users than a single visual element, and also has a positive effect on the intention to participate in content. This study suggests a user-centered visual expression direction in establishing thumbnail strategies for OTT platforms, and is expected to be used as basic data for establishing practical design standards in the future.

keyword : OTT 플랫폼, 썸네일 표현 유형, 사용자 선호도, OTT Platform, Thumbnail Expression Types, User Preference

Background In response to the rapid social and educational transformations driven by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, creative thinking competency has emerged as a core capability in future-oriented education. Especially in design education, fostering creative thinking goes beyond artistic expression to include problem-solving, self-reflection, and the ability to synthesize diverse knowledge and experiences. This study aims to develop a systematic design education program to enhance high school students' creative thinking competency by integrating the creative process of design education with the ADDIE instructional design model. Methods A design education program titled “Color & Layout - Self-Portrait Design” was developed based on the five stages of the ADDIE model―Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation―and aligned with the creative process in design: Preparation, Exploration, Idea Generation, Implementation, and Evaluation. The program was implemented over four semesters from 2023 to 2025, involving 120 students from K High School in Busan, South Korea. Each semester included 15 weekly sessions in small-group classes. After completing the program, students were asked to evaluate the extent to which their creative thinking competency had improved using a 20-item self-report questionnaire developed by the Korea Educational Development Institute (KEDI, 2020). Result The self-assessment data revealed high levels of perceived improvement in all four sub-domains of creative thinking competency: divergent thinking, originality and flexibility, curiosity and risk-taking, and inquiry. On average, more than 88% of students responded positively (4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree) to each item. In particular, over 90% of respondents perceived significant growth in divergent thinking and originality, suggesting that activities such as brainstorming, color combination exploration, and rough sketching contributed meaningfully to their creative development. Conclusion This study holds significance in that it systematically designed a design education program to foster creative thinking competency and verified its effectiveness through practical application. In particular, the program’s theme-based approach, combining self-exploration with visual expression, demonstrated educational potential in enhancing students’ creative thinking. These findings suggest promising applicability of the program to diverse learning environments and interdisciplinary curricula in future research.

keyword : 창의적 사고역량, 디자인 교육, ADDIE 모형, Creative Thinking Competency, Design Education, ADDIE Model

Background This study explores the relationship between parishioners’ perception of diocesan visual identity (VI), their sensus fidei, and evangelistic practice. It highlights the importance of VI as an effective communication strategy that not only enhances faith awareness but also plays a vital role in supporting evangelization and Church growth. Methods Three major archdioceses in Korea―Seoul, Daegu, and Gwangju―were selected based on their historical founding. A case study was conducted on the three core components of VI: the diocesan C.I., the archbishop’s emblem, and the color system. Quantitative data were collected through a structured survey, and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess both direct and mediating effects. Result Among the VI components, the color system had the most significant indirect influence on evangelism, mediated by sensus fidei. The C.I. directly impacted sensus fidei, while the archbishop’s emblem had a direct effect on evangelistic engagement. These results indicate that each VI component operates through distinct functional pathways. Conclusion This study offers empirical evidence of the communicative power of visual identity as a visual language within the Church context. It confirms that VI can influence both internal faith perception and outward evangelistic action. By bringing together the visible face of the Church and the invisible heart of faith, VI can contribute meaningfully to realizing the joy of the Gospel in the spirit of the New Evangelization.

keyword : 교구 비주얼 아이덴티티, 신앙감각, 에반젤리즘, Visual Identity of the Dioceses, Sensus Fidei, Evangelism

Background This study explores the potential of video ethnography as an effective method for visually capturing and analyzing complex interactions and learning processes. It aims to gain a deeper understanding of practical changes in design education and to suggest directions for improving practice-based learning. Methods This study employed video ethnography to enhance the concreteness and realism of design education by observing and analyzing meaningful behavioral changes in learners. Learner behaviors were categorized into six educational elements―structuring, clarification, delivery, meaning-making, participation, and interaction. Based on qualitative analysis and survey results, the study identified educational implications and directions for improvement through a process of data collection, classroom observation, satisfaction evaluation, and reflection. Result Survey results indicated that instructors re-recognized the usefulness of learner-centered structures in course implementation, and students reported high levels of satisfaction with class participation and self-directed learning competence. The qualitative analysis clearly identified moments of learner immersion as well as instances of passive responses. These findings, supported by both quantitative and qualitative data, demonstrate the positive impact of practice-based design education. Conclusion This study found that practice-based design education fosters active learner participation and instructor reflection, contributing to improved educational quality. Learners experienced engagement and satisfaction, while instructors were prompted to redesign their classes. The findings highlight the value of reflective, participatory learning environments and offer meaningful insights for future curriculum design.

keyword : 비디오 에스노그래피, 실천 중심 학습, 디자인 교육, Video Ethnography, Practice-Based Learning, Design Education

Background Vernacular design reflects local life and environment, but Korean research often overlooks its process. Dongnae and Suan markets provide a unified context to explore both design practice and outcome. This study focuses on a practice-centered urban view. Methods Using Amos Rapoport, A.’s (2024) theory on design process and product, this study combines theoretical review with fieldwork―observations and interviews―to examine spatial and material practices and user involvement in both markets. Result Analysis of fixed, semi-fixed, and mobile stalls in Dongnae and Suaninjeong markets revealed core vernacular design values―place-based identity, self-generation, practicality, and user-led creativity. Fixed stalls featured detailed spatial adjustments; semi-fixed ones flexibly expanded outdoor space; mobile stalls used recycled materials and spontaneous solutions. Merchants actively reconfigured their spaces using experience, skills, and local awareness, shaping distinct identities. Conclusion This study views vernacular design as a process of interaction between people and materials. Merchants embody core values through creative spatial practices. The research calls for process-focused studies and expansion to other urban spaces.

keyword : 버내큘러 디자인, 전통시장, 실천적 과정, Vernacular design, Traditional markets, Practical Process

Background In recent years, the field of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI) has increasingly emphasized the importance of fostering emotional intimacy, highlighting the need for research that overcomes the limitations of function-oriented approaches. In this context, the present study aims to complement the functional paradigm and explore HRI design strategies focused on emotional interaction through an integrated approach that combines interpersonal relationship theory with artificial intelligence technology. Methods The study established its theoretical foundation through a literature review and conducted a parallel case analysis. The analysis targeted 20 major academic papers published since 2020 and nine social robot cases presented at major international exhibitions. Based on the analytical framework derived from the literature review, the cases were classified by type and comparatively analyzed. Result The analysis revealed that combining affective interaction technology with interpersonal strategies enhances user engagement and the continuity of interaction. Based on these findings, the study proposes the following three HRI design strategies for fostering emotional intimacy: First, the development of precise emotion recognition systems and context-adaptive response mechanisms is necessary. Second, interaction models that incorporate core elements of interpersonal relationships―such as empathy, trust, and attachment―should be established. Third, a comprehensive design approach that embraces cultural diversity is required. Conclusion This study is significant in that it proposes HRI design strategies for fostering emotional intimacy between humans and robots by integrating interpersonal relationship theory with AI technology. However, the explanations regarding the actual implementation and technical architecture are somewhat limited, and the scope of case analysis is restricted. Future research should address these limitations by specifying the practical implementation of the proposed strategies and verifying their long-term effectiveness.

keyword : 인간-로봇 상호작용, HRI, 디자인, AI 소셜 로봇, 친밀감 형성, Human-Robot Interaction, HRI, Design, AI Social Robots, Intimacy Building

Background Generative AI technology is rapidly expanding its application in the field of image production. In particular, platforms such as DALL·E 3 and Midjourney are capable of generating high-resolution human portraits. However, there remains a lack of standardized criteria to quantitatively evaluate users’ perceived realism of these images. This study aims to analyze how visual attributes in AI-generated portraits contribute to users’ perception of realism. Methods Eight portrait images were generated using identical prompts across two platforms. Based on the visual attribute framework proposed by Fan et al. (2018), a survey consisting of ten items (Q1-Q10) was developed. A total of 106 valid responses were collected. The analysis focused on image-wise mean scores, comparisons between platforms, and correlation analysis among visual attributes. Result Midjourney images received overall higher evaluation scores. Visual attributes such as facial expression, photographic quality, and compositional layout exhibited strong positive correlations with perceptual realism. These findings suggest that realism is formed through a structural interplay among multiple visual attributes. Conclusion This study provides foundational data for establishing a perceptual realism evaluation framework for AI-generated images and offers meaningful implications for assessing image quality and designing prompt-based generation strategies.

keyword : 생성형 인공지능, 시각 속성, 실제감, Generative AI, Image Attributes, Perceptual Realism

Background This study reinterprets the formative characteristics of Hanbok, traditional Korean clothing from the Joseon Dynasty, to create a national symbol character design. The goal is to present a modern yet culturally rooted visual identity that reflects Korea’s heritage while allowing public familiarity and practical usability. Methods Through visual and formal analysis of Hanbok, key components such as line, proportion, and color were distilled and applied to a modular character system. This system was further developed into souvenir designs, including keychains, mood lamps, folding fans, transit cards, posters, T-shirts, photo cards, and coloring kits. Each item was proposed with an emphasis on cultural symbolism and product usability. Result The resulting character design successfully embodies traditional aesthetics in a contemporary form and was recognized with the Presidential Prize at the 8th Korea National Symbol Design Contest. The souvenir applications demonstrate versatility and scalability across public and commercial use. Conclusion This design case illustrates how traditional formative language can be transformed into accessible visual symbols for the public. It also affirms the potential of character-based national symbols to serve as cultural communicators in everyday life and consumer products.

keyword : 국가상징디자인, 전통복식, 캐릭터디자인, National Symbol Design, Traditional Costume, Character Design

Background Recent cosmetic packaging design trends emphasize both functionality and creativity. TRIZ inventive principles have gained attention as a structured approach to problem-solving. As structural and functional convergence increases in packaging, analyzing the application trends of TRIZ in cosmetic containers has become a meaningful area of study. Methods This study analyzed 48 cosmetic invention design entries submitted to the 2025 International Design Trend Fair. Each case was categorized by container type and TRIZ inventive principle. A cross-tabulation was constructed, and a chi-square test of independence was conducted to examine statistical significance between the two variables. Result The most frequently applied TRIZ principles were "Combination" and "Dynamicity," especially in compact and pump-type containers. The chi-square test result (χ² = 48.49, df = 16, p = 0.00004) confirmed a statistically significant relationship between container type and the applied inventive principle. Conclusion This study demonstrates that the application of TRIZ inventive principles varies significantly depending on container type. The findings provide a strategic foundation for selecting appropriate principles in future cosmetic packaging design and offer a theoretical basis for creative and functional product development.

keyword : 화장품발명디자인, TRIZ 발명 원리, 용기 유형, Cosmetic Inventive Design, TRIZ Inventive Principles, Container Types

Background Smartwatches have evolved from functional devices to emotional consumption objects, but there is a lack of research that systematically analyzes the impact of emotional factors on product attribute recognition. This study examined the influence of emotional factors on the recognition of smartwatch product attributes(aesthetics, ease of use, and wearability) by categorizing emotional factors into cultural, functional, and complex dimensions. Methods A survey was conducted with 148 people(75 users, 73 non-users). The measurement tool was verified through factor analysis and reliability analysis, and the research hypothesis was verified through independent sample t-test and regression analysis. Result First, users perceived ease of use significantly higher than non-users(t=3.51, p<.001). Second, emotional factors had the most substantial impact on aesthetics(β=0.407). Third, the complex emotional factor had a positive(+) impact on all product attributes, and the cultural emotional factor had a positive(+) impact on aesthetics and a negative(-) impact on ease of use. Conclusion The importance of a design strategy that integrates function and emotion was confirmed, as the complex emotional factors had a positive effect on all product attributes. The negative relationship between cultural emotion and usability suggests that a differentiated design approach is needed for each target user.

keyword : 스마트워치, 감성 요인, 제품 속성 인식, Smartwatches, Emotional Factors, Perceived Product Attributes